Anonymous: Alfred's Introduction to Laws (1 947 words)

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1B14.4.3

page 26

    
2DRYHTEN WÆS SPRECENde ðas word to Moyse & þus cwæð: Ic
3eom dryhten ðin God.
4Ic ðe utgelædde of Egipta londe & of hiora ðeowdome.
5Ne lufa ðu oþre fremde godas ofer me.
6Ne minne noman ne cig ðu on idelnesse; forðon þe ðu ne
7bist unscyldig wið me, gif ðu on idelnesse
8cigst minne noman.
9Gemyne þæt ðu gehalgige þone ræstedæg; wyrceað eow VI
10dagas & on þam siofoðan restað eow: forðam on VI dagum
11Crist geworhte heofonas

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12& eorðan, sæs & ealle gesceafta þe on him sint,
13& hine gereste on þone siofoðan
14dæg, & forðon Dryhten hine gehalgode.
15Ara ðinum fæder & þinre medder, ða þe Dryhten sealde,
16þæt ðu sie þy leng libbende on eorþan.
17Ne sleah ðu.
18Ne lige ðu dearnenga.
19Ne stala ðu.
20Ne sæge ðu lease gewitnesse.
21Ne wilna ðu þines nehstan ierfes mid unryhte.
22Ne wyrc ðe gyldne godas oððe sylfrene.
23þis sint ða domas þe ðu him settan scealt: Gif hwa
24gebycgge cristenne þeow, VI gear ðeowige he; ðy
25siofoðan beo he frioh orceapunga; mid swelce hrægle he
26ineode, mid swelce gange he ut.
27Gif he wif self hæbbe, gange hio ut mid him.
28Gif se hlaford him þonne wif sealde, sie hio & hire bearn
29þæs hlafordes.
30Gif se þeowa þonne cweðe: Nelle ic from minum hlaforde ne
31from minum wife, ne from minum bearne ne
32from minum ierfe, brenge hine þonne his hlaford to ðære
33dura þæs temples & þurhþyrlige his eare mid
34æle, to tacne þæt he sie æfre siððan þeow.

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35ðeah hwa gebycgge his dohtor on þeowenne, ne sie hio ealles
36swa ðeowu swa oðru mennenu: nage he hie ut on elðeodig folc
37to bebycgganne.
38Ac gif he hire ne recce, se ðe hie bohte, læte hie freo on
39elðeodig folc.
40Gif he ðonne alefe his suna mid to hæmanne, do hiere gyfta:
41locige þæt hio hæbbe hrægl; & þæt weorð
42sie hiere mægðhades, þæt is se weotuma, agife he hire
43þone.
44Gif he hire þara nan ne do, þonne sie hio frioh.
45Se mon se ðe his gewealdes monnan ofslea, swelte se deaðe.
46Se ðe hine þonne nedes ofsloge oððe unwillum oððe
47ungewealdes, swelce hine God swa sende on his honda, & he hine
48ne ymbsyrede, sie he feores wyrðe & folcryhtre
49bote, gif he friðstowe gesece.
50Gif hwa ðonne of giernesse & gewealdes ofslea his þone
51nehstan þurh searwa, aluc ðu hine from minum
52weofode, to þam þæt he deaðe swelte.
53Se ðe slea his fæder oððe his modor, se sceal deaðe
54sweltan.
55Se ðe frione forstele & he hine bebycgge, & hit onbestæled
56sie, þæt he hine bereccean ne mæge, swelte se deaðe.
57Se ðe werge his fæder oððe his modor, swelte se deaðe.

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58Gif hwa slea his ðone nehstan mid stane oððe mid fyste, &
59he þeah utgongan mæge bi stafe, begite him læce & wyrce his
60weorc ða hwile þe he self ne mæge.
61Se ðe slea his agenne þeowne esne oððe his mennen, & he
62ne sie idæges dead, ðeah he libbe twa niht
63oððe ðreo, ne bið he ealles swa scyldig, forþon þe hit
64wæs his agen fioh.
65Gif he ðonne sie idæges dead, ðonne sitte sio scyld on him.
66Gif hwa on cease eacniende wif gewerde, bete þone æwerdlan,
67swa him domeras gereccen.
68Gif hio dead sie, selle sawle wið sawle.
69Gif hwa oðrum his eage oðdo, selle his agen fore: toð fore
70teð, honda wið honda, fet fore fet, bærning for bærninge,
71wund wið wunde, læl wið læle.
72Gif hwa aslea his ðeowe oððe his ðeowenne þæt eage ut &
73he þonne hie gedo anigge gefreoge hie for
74þon.
75Gif he þonne ðone toð ofaslea, do þæt ilce.
76Gif oxa ofhnite wer oððe wif, þæt hie dead sien, sie he
77mid stanum ofworpod, & ne sie his flæsc eten; se hlaford bið
78unscyldig.
79Gif se oxa hnitol wære twam dagum ær oððe ðrim, & se
80hlaford hit wisse & hine inne betynan nolde, &
81he ðonne wer oððe wif ofsloge,

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82sie he mid stanum ofworpod,
83& sie se hlaford ofslegen oððe forgolden, swa ðæt witan to
84ryhte finden.
85Sunu oððe dohtor gif he ofstinge, ðæs ilcan domes sie he
86wyrðe.
87Gif he ðonne ðeow oððe ðeowmennen ofstinge, geselle þam
88hlaforde XXX scillinga seolfres, & se oxa mid stanum ofworpod.
89Gif hwa adelfe wæterpyt oððe betynedne ontyne & hine eft
90ne betyne, gelde swelc neat swelc ðær on
91befealle, & hæbbe him ðæt deade.
92Gif oxa oðres monnes oxan gewundige, & he ðonne dead sie,
93bebycggen þone oxan & hæbben him þæt weorð gemæne & eac
94ðæt flæsc swa ðæs deadan.
95Gif se hlaford þonne wisse, þæt se oxa hnitol wære, & hine
96healdan nolde, selle him oðerne oxan fore & hæbbe him eall
97ðæt flæsc.
98Gif hwa forstele oðres oxan & hine ofslea oððe bebycgge,
99selle twegen wið & feower sceap wið anum.
100Gif he næbbe hwæt he selle, sie he self beboht wið ðam
101fio.
102Gif ðeof brece mannes hus nihtes & he weorðe þær
103ofslegen, ne sie he na mansleges scyldig.

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104Gif he siððan æfter sunnan upgonge þis deð, he bið
105mansleges scyldig & he ðonne self swelte, buton
106he nieddæda wære.
107Gif mid him cwicum sie funden þæt he ær stæl, be
108twyfealdum forgielde hit.
109Gif hwa gewerde oðres monnes wingeard oððe his æcras
110oððe his landes awuht, gebete swa hit mon geeahtige.
111Gif fyr sie ontended ryt to bærnanne, gebete þone
112æfwerdelsan se ðæt fyr ontent.
113Gif hwa oðfæste his friend fioh, gif he hit self stæle,
114forgylde be twyfealdum.
115Gif he nyte, hwa hit stæle, geladige hine selfne, þæt he
116ðær nan facn ne gefremede.
117Gif hit ðonne cucu feoh wære, & he secgge, þæt hit here
118name oððe hit self acwæle, & gewitnesse hæbbe, ne þearf
119he þæt geldan.
120Gif he ðonne gewitnesse næbbe, & he him ne getriewe, swerige
121he þonne.

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122Gif hwa fæmnan beswice unbeweddode & hire mid slæpe,
123forgielde hie & hæbbe hi siððan him to wife.
124Gif ðære fæmnan fæder hie ðonne sellan nelle, agife he
125ðæt feoh æfter þam weotuman.
126ða fæmnan þe gewuniað onfon gealdorcræftigan &
127scinlæcan & wiccan, ne læt þu ða libban.
128& se ðe hæme mid netene, swelte he deaðe.
129& se ðe godgeldum onsecge ofer God anne, swelte se deaðe.
130Utan cumene & elðeodige ne geswenc ðu no, forðon ðe ge
131wæron giu elðeodige on Egipta londe.
132þa wuduwan & þa stiopcild ne sceððað ge, ne hie nawer
133deriað.
134Gif ge þonne elles doð, hie cleopiað to me, & ic gehiere
135hie & ic eow þonne slea mid minum sweorde
136& ic gedo, þæt eowru wif beoð wydewan & eowru bearn beoð
137steopcild.
138Gif ðu fioh to borge selle þinum geferan, þe mid þe
139eardian wille, ne niede ðu hine swa swa niedling & ne gehene
140þu hine mid ðy eacan.
141Gif mon næbbe buton anfeald hrægl hine mid to wreonne & to
142werianne, & he hit to wedde selle, ær sunnan setlgonge sie
143hit agifen.
144Gif ðu swa ne dest, þonne cleopað he to me, & ic hine
145gehiere, forðon ðe ic eom swiðe mildheort.

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146Ne tæl ðu ðinne Dryhten, ne ðone hlaford þæs folces ne
147werge þu.
148þine teoðan sceattas & þine frumripan gongendes &
149weaxendes agif þu Gode.
150Eal ðæt flæsc þæt wildeor læfen ne eten ge þæt, ac
151sellað hit hundum.
152Leases monnes word ne rec ðu no þæs to gehieranne, ne his
153domas ne geðafa ðu, ne nane gewitnesse æfter him
154ne saga ðu.
155Ne wend ðu ðe no on þæs folces unræd & unryht gewill on
156hiora spræce & geclysp ofer ðin ryht, & ðæs unwisestan
157lare ne him ne geðafa.
158Gif ðe becume oðres mannes giemeleas fioh on hond þeah hit
159sie ðin feond, gecyðe hit him.
160Dem ðu swiðe emne.
161Ne dem ðu oðerne dom þam welegan, oðerne ðam earman; ne
162oðerne þam liofran & oðerne þam laðran ne dem ðu.
163Onscuna ðu a leasunga.
164Soðfæstne man & unscyldigne ne acwele ðu þone næfre.
165Ne onfoh ðu næfre medsceattum, forðon hie ablendað ful
166oft wisra monna geðoht & hiora word onwendað.

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167þam elðeodegan & utan cumenan ne læt ðu no uncuðlice
168wið hine, ne mid nanum unryhtum þu hine ne drece.
169Ne swergen ge næfre under hæðne godas, ne on nanum ðingum
170ne cleopien ge to him.
171þis sindan ða domas þe se ælmihtega God self sprecende
172wæs to Moyse & him bebead to healdanne.
173& siððan se ancenneda Dryhtnes sunu, ure God, þæt is
174hælend Crist, on middangeard cwom, he cwæð, ðæt he ne
175come no ðas bebodu to brecanne ne to forbeodanne,
176ac mid eallum godum to ecanne; & mildheortnesse & eaðmodnesse
177he lærde.
178ða æfter his ðrowunge, ær þam þe his apostolas tofarene
179wæron geond ealle eorðan to læranne, & þa
180giet ða hie ætgædere wæron, monega hæðena ðeoda hie to
181Gode gecerdon.
182þa hie ealle ætsomne wæron, hie sendan ærendwrecan to
183Antiohhia & to Syrie, Cristes æ to læranne.
184þa hie ða ongeaton, þæt him ne speow, ða sendon hie
185ærendgewrit to him.
186þis is ðonne þæt ærendgewrit þe ða apostolas sendon
187ealle to Antiohhia & to Syria & to Cilicia, ða
188sint nu of hæðenum ðeodum to Criste gecirde.
189ða apostolas & þa eldran broðor hælo eow wyscað; & we
190eow cyðað, þæt we geascodon, þæt ure geferan sume mid
191urum wordum to eow comon & eow hefigran wisan budon
192to healdanne þonne we him budon, & eow to swiðe gedwealdon
193mid ðam mannigfealdum gebodum, & eowra

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194sawla ma forhwerfdon þonne hie geryhton.
195ða gesomnodon we us ymb ðæt, & us eallum gelicode ða,
196þæt we sendon Paulus & Barnaban; ða men wilniað hiora
197sawla sellan for Dryhtnes naman.
198Mid him we sendon Iudam & Silam, þæt eow þæt ilce
199seccgen.
200þæm halgan Gaste wæs geðuht & us, þæt we nane byrðenne
201on eow settan noldon ofer þæt ðe eow nedðearf wæs to
202healdanne: þæt is ðonne, þæt ge forberen,
203þæt ge deofolgeld ne weorðien, ne blod ne ðicggen ne
204asmorod, & from diernum geligerum; & þæt ge willen,
205þæt oðre men eow ne don, ne doð ge ðæt oþrum monnum.
206Of ðissum anum dome mon mæg geðencean, þæt he æghwelcne
207on ryht gedemeð; ne ðearf he nanra domboca
208oþerra.
209Geðence he, þæt he nanum men ne deme þæt he nolde ðæt
210he him demde, gif he ðone dom ofer hine sohte.
211Siððan ðæt þa gelamp, þæt monega ðeoda Cristes
212geleafan onfengon, þa wurdon monega seonoðas geond
213ealne middangeard gegaderode, & eac swa geond Angelcyn,
214siððan hie Cristes geleafan onfengon, halegra biscepa & eac
215oðerra geðungenra witena.
216hie ða gesetton, for ðære mildheortnesse þe Crist lærde,
217æt mæstra hwelcre misdæde þætte ða weoruldhlafordas
218moston mid hiora

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219leafan buton synne æt þam forman
220gylte þære fiohbote onfon, þe hie ða gesettan.
221buton æt hlafordsearwe hie nane mildheortnesse ne dorston
222gecweðan, forþam ðe God ælmihtig þam nane ne gedemde þe
223hine oferhogdon, ne Crist Godes sunu þam
224nane ne gedemde þe hine to deaðe sealde,
225& he bebead þone hlaford lufian swa hine.
226Hie ða on monegum senoðum monegra menniscra misdæda bote
227gesetton, & on monega senoðbec hie writan, hwær anne dom
228hwær oþerne.
229Ic ða ælfred cyning þas togædere gegaderode & awritan
230het, monege þara þe ure foregengan heoldon,
231ða ðe me licodon; & manege þara þe me ne licodon ic awearp
232mid minra witena geðeahte, & on oðre wisan bebead
233to healdanne.
234Forðam ic ne dorste geðristlæcan þara minra awuht fela on
235gewrit settan, forðam me wæs uncuð, hwæt
236þæs ðam lician wolde ðe æfter us wæren.
237Ac ða ðe ic gemette awðer oððe on Ines dæge, mines
238mæges, oððe on Offan Mercna cyninges oððe on
239æþelbryhtes, þe ærest fulluhte onfeng on Angelcynne,
240þa ðe me ryhtoste ðuhton, ic þa heron gegaderode,
241& þa oðre forlet.